Benchmarking the reproducibility of all-solid-state battery cell performance

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Puls, Sebastian ; Nazmutdinova, Elina ; Kalyk, Fariza ; Woolley, Henry M. ; Thomsen, Jesper Frost ; Cheng, Zhu ; Fauchier-Magnan, Adrien ; Gautam, Ajay ; Gockeln, Michael ; Ham, So-Yeon ; Hasan, Md Toukir ; Jeong, Min-Gi ; Hiraoka, Daiki ; Kim, Jong Seok ; Kutsch, Tobias ; Lelotte, Barthélémy ; Minnmann, Philip ; Miß, Vanessa ; Motohashi, Kota ; Nelson, Douglas Lars ; Ooms, Frans ; Piccolo, Francesco ; Plank, Christian ; Rosner, Maria ; Sandoval, Stephanie E. ; Schlautmann, Eva ; Schuster, Robin ; Spencer-Jolly, Dominic ; Sun, Yipeng ; Vishnugopi, Bairav S. ; Zhang, Ruizhuo ; Zheng, Huang ; Adelhelm, Philipp ; Brezesinski, Torsten ; Bruce, Peter G. ; Danzer, Michael A. ; El Kazzi, Mario ; Gasteiger, Hubert ; Hatzell, Kelsey B. ; Hayashi, Akitoshi ; Hippauf, Felix ; Janek, Jürgen ; Jung, Yoon Seok ; McDowell, Matthew T. ; Meng, Ying Shirley ; Mukherjee, Partha P. ; Ohno, Saneyuki ; Roling, Bernhard ; Sakuda, Atsushi ; Schwenzel, Julian ; Sun, Xueliang ; Villevieille, Claire ; Wagemaker, Marnix ; Zeier, Wolfgang G. ; Vargas-Barbosa, Nella M.:
Benchmarking the reproducibility of all-solid-state battery cell performance.
In: Nature Energy. Bd. 9 (2024) . - S. 1310-1320.
ISSN 2058-7546
DOI der Verlagsversion: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-024-01634-3

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Abstract

The interlaboratory comparability and reproducibility of all-solid-state battery cell cycling performance are poorly understood due to the lack of standardized set-ups and assembly parameters. This study quantifies the extent of this variability by providing commercially sourced battery materials—LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 for the positive electrode, Li6PS5Cl as the solid electrolyte and indium for the negative electrode—to 21 research groups. Each group was asked to use their own cell assembly protocol but follow a specific electrochemical protocol. The results show large variability in assembly and electrochemical performance, including differences in processing pressures, pressing durations and In-to-Li ratios. Despite this, an initial open circuit voltage of 2.5 and 2.7 V vs Li+/Li is a good predictor of successful cycling for cells using these electroactive materials. We suggest a set of parameters for reporting all-solid-state battery cycling results and advocate for reporting data in triplicate.