Wire-Laser-Directed Energy Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Under Vacuum : Effect of Substrate Preheating on the Refinement of Prior-β Grain Structure

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Daoud, Haneen ; Kulig, Agata ; Schmidt, Kim ; Weiser, Johannes ; Fichtl, Maximilian ; Prihodovsky, Andrey ; Glatzel, Uwe:
Wire-Laser-Directed Energy Deposition of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Under Vacuum : Effect of Substrate Preheating on the Refinement of Prior-β Grain Structure.
In: Advanced Engineering Materials. Bd. 28 (2026) Heft 1 . - e202502223.
ISSN 1527-2648
DOI der Verlagsversion: https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202502223

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Abstract

The effect of stress relieving and substrate preheating on the grain refinement of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V at room and elevated temperatures is investigated. Specimens are produced using wire-based directed energy deposition under vacuum conditions. The microstructure is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Tensile tests are conducted at room temperature and at 700 °C. The as-deposited specimens exhibit a heterogeneous microstructure consisting of fine acicular α′-martensite and fine Widmanstätten structures. Substrate preheating at 600 °C enables a complete transition from a columnar grain structure in the as-deposited condition to a refined prior-β grain structure. The as-substrate-heated specimens show the highest tensile strength of 1010 MPa with 3% elongation at room temperature and 600 MPa with 15% elongation at 700 °C.