Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions Alter the Abundance of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Phosphatase Activity in Grassland Soils

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Widdig, Meike ; Schleuss, Per-Marten ; Weig, Alfons ; Guhr, Alexander ; Biederman, Lori A. ; Borer, Elizabeth T. ; Crawley, Michael J. ; Kirkman, Kevin ; Seabloom, Eric W. ; Wagg, Peter D. ; Spohn, Marie:
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions Alter the Abundance of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Phosphatase Activity in Grassland Soils.
In: Frontiers in Environmental Science. Bd. 7 (26 November 2019) . - No. 185.
ISSN 2296-665X
DOI der Verlagsversion: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00185

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Abstract

Microorganisms mobilize phosphorus (P) in soil by solubilizing bound inorganic P from soil minerals and by mineralizing organic P via phosphatase enzymes. Nitrogen (N) inputs are predicted to increase through human activities and shift plants to be more P limited, increasing the importance of P mobilization processes for plant nutrition. We studied how the relative abundance of P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), PSB community composition, and phosphatase activity respond to N and P addition (+N, +P, +NP) in grassland soils spanning large biogeographic gradients. The studied soils are located in South Africa, USA, and UK and part of a globally coordinated nutrient addition experiment. We show that the abundance of PSB in the topsoil was reduced by −18% in the N and by −41% in the NP treatment compared to the control. In contrast, phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the N treatment than in the control across all soils. Soil C:P ratio, sand content, pH, and water-extractable P together explained 71% of the variance of the abundance of PSB across all study sites and all treatments. Further, the community of PSB in the N and NP addition treatment differed significantly from the control. Taken together, this study shows that N addition reduced the relative abundance of PSB, altered the PSB community, and increased phosphatase activity, whereas P addition had no impact. Increasing atmospheric N deposition may therefore increase mineralization of organic P and decrease solubilization of bound inorganic P, possibly inducing a switch in the dominant P mobilization processes from P solubilization to P mineralization.